09. Heat and Mass Transfer

Global warming is caused by human activity, one of them being fossil fuel combustion, which raises heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere. Buildings consume a huge amount of energy and resources, causing damage on environment. Indonesia is committed to achieving net zero emissions by 2060. One way to reduce emissions is by conserving our energy consumption, such as using phase-changing materials for Thermal Energy Storage (TES). Thermal energy storage involves heating or cooling to be used later, thus balancing energy usage during low and high demand periods. Latent Heat Storage is a technology for developing energy-efficient buildings by utilizing phase change materials (PCMs). Solid-solid PCMs (SS-PCMs) are considered potential alternatives, as they can maintain the structure while material phase changes. The objective of this research is to determine the optimal thickness of SS-PCM and the energy savings achieved compared to DGW standard. Research was conducted through a Glass Reinforced Concrete (GRC) Box with cooling system such as evaporator and axial fan, calibrated and uncalibrated incandescent lamps, and 3 irradiation inputs (1000 W/m², 750 W/m², and 500 W/m²) for DGW and 5 thickness samples of DGW with SS-PCM (3 – 7 mm). This experiment resulted in better energy consumption with an average of 8,19% energy savings. 3mm SS-PCM has the highest energy savings of 16,15%. NPV and IRR analysis conducted indicate that the investment has the potential to generate a higher return than the cost of capital, meaning the investment is profitable.