09. Heat and Mass Transfer

Buildings needs high energy consumption for space cooling to create a comfortable thermal environment. Overall energy consumption for buildings represents 36% of all industrial sectors. HVAC systems account for 49% of the electrical energy in buildings. Enhanced thermal performance in buildings using passive Thermal Energy Storage (TES) helps reduce electrical energy consumption by lowering the cooling load. The TES employed is Solid-solid PCM (SS-PCM), which can absorb and release heat energy without phase change, thus maintaining thermal comfort without any encapsulation, extending HVAC usage, and improving energy efficiency in buildings. The applied TES involves the production of SS-PCM Linear Polyurethane 2000 (PUL-2K), integrated into Double Glazed Windows (DGW) to reduce building temperatures passively. The study aims to determine the optimal thickness of SS-PCM and the energy savings achieved compared to DGW standard. Research was conducted through a Glass Reinforced Concrete (GRC) Box with cooling system such as evaporator and axial fan, calibrated and uncalibrated incandescent lamps, and 3 irradiation inputs (1000 W/m², 750 W/m², and 500 W/m²) for DGW and 5 thickness samples of DGW with SS-PCM (3 – 7 mm). The experimental results indicate that DGW with SS-PCM PUL-2K effectively reduce room temperature compared to DGW standard. The optimal thickness of SS-PCM PUL-2K to reduce cooling load is 3 mm, with an average energy savings rate of 12.49%. Energy savings in DGW with SS-PCM PUL-2K across all samples achieve up to 16.15%, with average savings of 8.19%. The results of this research show significant potential for TES applications in building energy conservation.